Chapter 13- Mendelian genetics

allele

autosome

Barr body

dominant

Down syndrome

genotype

heterozygous

homozygous

karyotype

Klinefelter syndrome

Monohybrid/Dihybrid cross

P, F₁ and F₂

phenotype

pure breeding

recessive

Super-female XXX

Super-male XYY

trisomy/monosomy

Turner syndrome

Major concepts:

· Process of karyotyping

· Principles of segregation and independent assortment

· Pedigree chart construction and genotype determination

· Monohybrid cross (Know how to determine genotypic ratios and phenotypic ratios.)

· Probability (ex- “if a set of parents have three girls, what’s the chance of having another?”

· Dihybrid cross (Know how to determine genotypic ratios and phenotypic ratios.)

· ABO Blood type system (transfusions, universal donor, universal recipient, how to do a cross)

· Multiple alleles

· Linked genes and gene mapping

· X-linked traits (Know how it affects inheritance and know that colorblindness and hemophilia are examples.)

· Nondisjunction (Know how it happens and what syndromes this can cause- their names and what chromosome combinations they are.)

· X-inactivation

· Incomplete dominance

· Codominance

· Sex determination in humans